Grรฆdemuren ื‘Jerusalem

ื™ืฉืจืืœGrรฆdemuren

 

ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข

🕗 ืฉืขื•ืช ืคืชื™ื—ื”

ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™
ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™
ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™
ื™ื•ึนื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™
ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™
ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช
Jerusalem
ืื ืฉื™ ืงืฉืจ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ: +972 2-627-1333
ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜: www.thekotel.org
ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
Latitude: 31.7767189, Longitude: 35.2345085

ื”ืขืจื•ืช 5

  • Bonifacius Suksmodardo Sulaksono

    Bonifacius Suksmodardo Sulaksono

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    Tembok Ratapan atau Tembok Barat di Yerusalem, diyakini oleh banyak orang sebagai sisa-sisa dari salah satu dinding sebuah kuil Yahudi besar atau dinding yang mengelilingi halaman kuil. Tembok Ratapan merupakan dinding batu yang menjulang sekitar 18,9 m dari atas tanah. Tembok ini dianggap situs sakral oleh orang Yahudi, dan ribuan orang berziarah di sana setiap tahun. Orang Yahudi menganggap dinding tersebut sebagai bagian dari sebuah kuil Yahudi yang disebut juga Bait Suci Kedua yang telah berdiri selama ratusan tahun. Raja Herodes memerintahkan renovasi dan perluasan kuil sekitar tahun 19 SM, dan pekerjaan itu tidak selesai sampai sekitar 50 tahun kemudian. Kuil ini lantas dihancurkan oleh Roma sekitar tahun 70 M, hanya beberapa tahun setelah selesai. Tembok Ratapan secara luas diyakini sebagai satu-satunya bagian yang masih berdiri. Setelah kuil itu hancur, banyak orang Yahudi mulai pergi ke dinding yang tersisa untuk meratapi kehancuran kuil dan untuk berdoa. Tembok Ratapan merupakan nama yang diberikan oleh orang non-Yahudi ketika melihat orang-orang Yahudi meratap sana. Orang Yahudi sebenarnya menamai tembok tersebut sebagai Tembok Barat, atau Kotel HaMaaravi dalam bahasa Ibrani.

  • ืฉื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ื

    ืฉื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ื

    ::

    ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื›ึผื•ึนืชึถืœ ื”ึทืžึทืขึฒืจึธื‘ึดื™. ืจึดื‘ึผื•ึนื ื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึนืœ ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ, ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึนืึดื™ ืึถืœ ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืชึถืœ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธื, ืกื•ึนื“ ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืชึดื™ึผึธื”, ืžึทื—ึฐืฆึทื‘ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื ึฐืฉืึธืžื•ึนืช, ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึถืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืื•ึนืจ" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื, ื’), ืฉืึถืžึผึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื™ึธืฆึฐืึธื” ืื•ึนืจึธื” ืœึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ืขึดื ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึผืคึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผึฐืฉืึธืžื•ึนืช ื ึดื‘ึฐืจึธื ืžึดืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื ื–ึถื”, ืฉืึถืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื™ืจึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึทืจ ืžึทื” ื ึผื•ึนืจึธื ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืึตื™ืŸ ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืฉืึทืขึทืจ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื—, ื™ื–). ืึธื ึผึธื ืจึทื—ื•ึผื ื•ึฐื—ึทื ึผื•ึผืŸ, ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึนืึดื™ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื—ึดื™ืœ ื•ึฐื—ึทืœึฐื—ึธืœึธื” ื™ึนืื—ึฒื–ื•ึผื ึดื™, ืึตื™ืžึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึดืจึฐืึธื” ื ื•ึนืคึฐืœึดื™ื ืขึธืœึทื™, ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึดืœึผึธื” ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึดืคึฐืชึผึนื—ึท ืคึผึดื™ ืœึฐื‘ึทืงึผึตืฉื ืึถืช ื‘ึผึทืงึผึธืฉืื•ึนืชึทื™ ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธืื•ึนืช, ืขึทืœ ืงึฐื“ื•ึผืฉืึทืช ื”ึธืขึตื™ื ึทื™ึดื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืจึทืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช, ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึตื ื”ึทืžึผึทืคึฐืชึผึฐื—ื•ึนืช ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืฉืึถืคึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผื—ึธื ึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐื’ึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ึผื•ึผืช, ืœึดืžึผื•ึผื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื ึธืชึธื”ึผ, ืœึดืžึผื•ึผื“ ืฉืึท"ืก ืจึทืžึฐื‘ึผึท"ื ื˜ื•ึผืจ ืฉืื•ึผืœึฐื—ึธืŸ ืขึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืจึดื™"ืฃ ืจึนื"ืฉ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื ื•ึนืฉื‚ึฐืึตื™ ื›ึผึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื, ืจึทืฉืึฐื‘ึผึธ"ื ืจึดื™ื˜ึฐื‘ึธ"ื ืจึทืžึฐื‘ึผึท"ืŸ ืžึฐืึดื™ืจึดื™ ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื ื•ึนืฉื‚ึฐืึตื™ ื›ึผึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื, ื–ึนื”ึทืจ ืชึผึดืงึผื•ึผื ึตื™ ื–ึนื”ึทืจ ืขึตืฅ ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžื•ึนื ึธื” ืฉืึฐืขึธืจึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืกึดืคึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึธืึฒืจึด"ื™ ืขึดื ื›ึผึธืœ ื ื•ึนืฉื‚ึฐืึตื™ ื›ึผึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืกึผึฐืคึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึทืงึผึฐื“ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธืึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ืชึผึทื ึผึธืึดื™ื ื•ึผื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื, ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนื ึดื™ื, ืจึทื‘ึผึธื ึธืŸ ืกึธื‘ื•ึนืจึธืึตื™ ื•ึผื’ึฐืื•ึนื ึดื™ื, ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื ึผึดืชึฐื—ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึฐื—ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืขื•ึนื“, ื–ึทื›ึผึตื ึดื™ ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืกึฐืคึธืจึดื™ื ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึปืจึฐื™ึธืŸ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึทื—ึฐืกึดื™ืจ ื—ึทืก ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืฉืื•ึผื ืžึดืœึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึผื ืื•ึนืช ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืกึผึฐืคึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธืึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืชึฐื—ึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผ ืžึดื™ืžื•ึนืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึตื ื™ึฐืฆึดื™ืึธืชึดื™ ืžึตื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืึธืชึดื™ ื ึธืงึดื™ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ื•ึธืคึถืฉืึทืข, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืคึผึฐื’ึธืžึตื™ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธืึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื—ึธื˜ึธืืชึดื™ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึตืขื•ึนื“ึดื™ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ืชึผึดืกึฐืœึทื— ื•ึฐืชึดืžึฐื—ึทืœ ื•ึผืชึฐื›ึทืคึผึตืจ, ื•ึฐืชึทื”ึฒืคึนืšึฐ ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึทื•ึนื ื•ึนืชึทื™ ืœึดื–ึฐื›ึปื™ึผื•ึนืช, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึดืฉึผืึธืึตืจ ืฉืื•ึผื ืจึนืฉืึถื ื›ึผึฐืœึธืœ, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ "ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึตื‘ึนืฉืื•ึผ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื" (ื™ื•ืืœ ื‘, ื›ื•-ื›ื–), ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื–ึผึธื›ึตืจ ืฉืื•ึผื ื–ึตื›ึถืจ ืžึตื”ึถื, ื•ึฐื™ึตื”ึธืคึฐื›ื•ึผ ืœึดื–ึฐื›ึปื™ึผื•ึนืช, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึฐืจึดื™ื“ึธื” ืชึผึทื”ึฒืคึนืšึฐ ืœึธืขึฒืœึดื™ึผึธื”, ืฉืึถืึถื–ึฐื›ึผึถื” ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึฐืจึดื™ื“ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฉืึฐื ึถื” ืžึถืจึถืฅ ื•ึผื–ึฐืจึดื™ื–ื•ึผืช, ื•ึฐืึถื–ึฐื›ึผึถื” ืœึฐื›ึทื‘ึผึตื“ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ "ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึฐื›ึทื‘ึผึฐื“ึทื™ ืึฒื›ึทื‘ึผึตื“ ื•ึผื‘ึนื–ึทื™ ื™ึตืงึธืœึผื•ึผ" (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื' ื‘, ืœ), ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึผึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืงึดื ึฐืึทืช ืึธื“ึธื ืขึธืœึทื™, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืงึดื ึฐืึธืชึดื™ ืขึทืœ ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืึถื–ึฐื›ึผึถื” ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืื•ึนืชึฐืšึธ ืžึตืขึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึธืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ืœึฐืœึนื ืฉืื•ึผื ืœึตืื•ึผืช, ืžึตืขึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืขื•ึนืœึธื. ืจึดื‘ึผื•ึนื ื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืึธื™ื•ึนื ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื, ื‘ึผึฐื”ึดืชึฐืงึธืจึฐื‘ึดื™ ืึถืœ ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืฉืึฐืชึดื™ึผึธื” ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืงึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉืึฐืจึธืึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื›ึดื™ื ึธื” ืœึฐื ึถืฆึทื— ื ึฐืฆึธื—ึดื™ื, ื›ึผึปืœึผึดื™ ืึธื—ื•ึผื– ืจึทืขึทื“, ื—ึดื™ืœ ื•ึผืจึฐืขึธื“ึธื” ื•ึฐื—ึทืœึฐื—ึธืœึธื”, ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึดื™ ืœึฐื›ึธืืŸ, ืœึดืžึฐืงื•ึนื ื”ึธืขื•ึนืงึตื“ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึถืขึฑืงึธื“, ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื–ึธื–ึธื” ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื›ึดื™ื ึธื” ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึถืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ื›ึผึธืืŸ ืขึทื“ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึธืขึฒืงึปื“ึผึดื™ื, ืœึดื‘ึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ื™ึฐื—ึดื™ื“ึธื”, ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ื ึถืึฑืžึธื ึธื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืขื•ึนื“ ืžึดืœึผึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึฐืšึธ, ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ึธื—ึดื™ื“ ื‘ึผึฐืขื•ึนืœึธืžึฐืšึธ ื—ึทื™ ื•ึฐืงึทื™ึผึธื, ื•ึผืžึดื™ ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ืœึฐืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื”, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ, ื•ึฐื›ึธืืŸ ืฉืึทืขึทืจ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื, ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืขึฒืœึดื™ึผึทืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทืงึผึธืฉืื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผึฐืฉืึธืžื•ึนืช.

  • ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื›ื™

    ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื›ื™

    ::

    ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื•, ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืฉื ืฉืจืชื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ืฉื ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืื• ืชื•ื“ื”, ืฉืœืžื™ื ืื• ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืืฉื, ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื”, ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืคืกื— ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืื™ื” ื”ืขื˜ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืฉืจืชื” ืฉื, ื•ืขืชื” ืื•ื™ ื ื ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ื—ื˜ืื ื•, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื—ืกืจื ื• ื›ืœ ืืœื”, ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื•ื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืœื ื• ื”ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ืžืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืช ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉื ืœื ื–ื–ื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ืฉื ื ืขืœื” ื•ื ืจืื” ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื ื–ื›ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืืœ ื”ื™ื›ืœื•. - - - ื•ืขื“ ืื–, ืžื™ ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื’ืข ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ืฆืœื•ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื•ืœื• ืœืจื’ืข ืงื˜, ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื• ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืžื”'.

  • Austin Graff

    Austin Graff

    ::

    The Western Wall is quite the experience. Despite thousands of tourists passing through here, it's still an ancient Jewish site of prayer. That means the majority of people here are here to pray so be respectful of that. Once you enter, there's a blocked off section for tourists to watch the prayer happen. Men and women are separated with men on the left and women on the right. Men must wear a Jewish hat provided to you. You're welcome to pray at the wall, but walk slowly as thousands gather to pray, dance, and sing. Be respectful. DO NOT TAKE PHOTOS. Even if you think you're being sneaky, someone out of no where will yell at you. Also, beware of birds flying over you. I got pooped on twice in a span of twenty minutes. The entire experience can be overwhelming so be prepared for your senses to go haywire.

  • Oliver Dagรธ Rasmussen 7B Skolen i Midten

    Oliver Dagรธ Rasmussen 7B Skolen i Midten

    ::

    Det var en fantastisk oplevelse for mig, at se muren og Jerusalem :)

ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ

๐Ÿ“‘ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช

Rv ืคืืจืง, ืงืžืคื™ื ื’ืื•ื›ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืื™ื ืกื˜ืœื˜ื•ืจืืฆื˜ื“ื™ื•ืŸืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ืื‘ืื•ืœื™ื ื’ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืชื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื•ืชื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืจืงื—ืชื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืจื•ืชื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ืœื ื•ืขื‘ื ืงื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื’ืœืจื™ื” ืœืืžื ื•ืชื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืชื“ื•ืืจื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื”ื”ื ื—ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืกืจื˜ื™ืื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืชื—ื“ืจ ื›ื•ืฉืจื—ื“ืจ ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™ื—ื ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ืื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ืื—ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื›ืœื‘ื•ื—ื ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื‘ื™ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœื—ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื™ืื—ื ื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื ืขืœื™ื™ืื—ื ื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ืื—ื ื•ืช ืคืจื—ื™ืื—ื ื•ืช ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ืื—ื ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ืื—ื ื™ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืชื—ืฉืžืœืื™ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื›ืกืคื•ืžื˜ืžืืคื™ื™ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœื”ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืจืžื” 1ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืจืžื” 2ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืจืžื” 3ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืจืžื” 4ืžื—ืกืŸืžื™ืžื•ืŸืžื›ื•ืœืช ืื• ืกื•ืคืจืžืจืงื˜ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืชืžื ืขื•ืœืŸืžืกื’ื“ืžืกืœื•ืœืžืกืขื“ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืœื—ืŸืžืฉื˜ืจื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืงืœื™ืื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸืกึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ึธื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืชืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื ื“ืœ"ืŸืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืชืกื•ืคืจืžืจืงื˜ืกืœื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืคื™ืกืคืืกืคืจื™ื”ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”ืคึผึธืืจืงืคืืจืง ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ืืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืชืจืคื™ืกื˜ืฆื•ืžืชืฆื™ื™ืจืงื‘ืœืŸ ื’ื’ื•ืชืงื‘ืœืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ืงื–ื™ื ื•ืงืžืคื™ื ื’ืงื ื™ื•ืŸืงืคื˜ืจื™ื”ืจื•ึนืคึตืืจื•ืคื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ืืจืžืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืช 1ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืชืฉื˜ื—ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”ืชึทื—ึฒื ึทืช ืžึฐื›ึทื‘ึตึผื™ ืึตืฉืืชื—ื ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกืชื—ื ืช ื“ืœืงืชื—ื ืช ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืชืชื—ื ืช ืžืขื‘ืจืชื—ื ืช ืจื›ื‘ืชืชื—ื ืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ืงืœื”ืชื—ื ืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ืชื—ืชื™ืชืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืจื›ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช